How Are They Treated
Antibiotics prescribed by your doctor will usually cure a bladder infection. It may help to drink lots of water and other fluids and to urinate often, emptying your bladder each time.
For urinary symptoms such as pain or burning, there is a medicine you can buy without a prescription. Phenazopyridine can relieve these symptoms. But phenazopyridine doesn’t treat the infection, so you’ll still need an antibiotic.
If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, take the pills exactly as you are told. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to finish taking them all so that you do not get sick again.
Treatment For Asymptomatic Bladder Prolapse
If you have no symptoms of bladder prolapse, you may not need treatment. This may be the case with stage 1 or stage 2 prolapse. In fact, you may not be aware of the bladder prolapse at all. It may be picked up by your GP during a routine examination, such as during a cervical screening test.
Lifestyle changes and physiotherapy are the key aspects of managing such cases. There are things you can do to help prevent the condition from getting worse, which may include:
- weight loss
- correction of position when sitting on the toilet
- avoiding heavy lifting
- pelvic floor exercises, which have been proven to reduce the symptoms of an early stage bladder prolapse and prevent any worsening
- seeking treatment and management for chronic cough and lung disease.
Seeing a pelvic floor physiotherapist is always recommended so that they can assess your pelvic floor function properly and show you the correct technique for doing pelvic floor exercises. The best published evidence supports supervised pelvic floor muscle exercises for the management of prolapse and urinary incontinence.
Fungal Urinary Tract Infection
The most common form of fungal infection of urinary tract is that caused by Candida species. Such infections usually occur in patients with indwelling catheters who have been receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly if diabetes mellitus is also present or corticosteroids are being administered. Although most of these infections remain limited to the bladder and clear with the removal of the catheter, cessation of antibiotics and control of diabetes mellitus, the urinary tract is the source of approximately 10% of episodes of candidemia, usually in association with urinary tract manipulation or obstruction. Spontaneously occurring lower UTI caused by Candida species is far less common, although papillary necrosis, caliceal invasion and fungal ball obstruction have all been described as resulting from ascending candidal UTI that is not related to catheterization.
Hematogenous spread to the kidney and other sites within the genitourinary tract may be seen in any systemic fungal infection, but it occurs particularly in coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis. In immunosuppressed patients, a common hallmark of disseminated cryptococcal infection is the appearance of this organism in the urine. Cryptococcus neoformans commonly seeds the prostate and far less commonly may cause a syndrome of papillary necrosis, pyelonephritis and pyuria akin to that seen in tuberculosis.
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Southern Cross Medical Library
The purpose of the Southern Cross Medical Library is to provide information of a general nature to help you better understand certain medical conditions. Always seek specific medical advice for treatment appropriate to you. This information is not intended to relate specifically to insurance or healthcare services provided by Southern Cross. For more articles go to the Medical Library index page.
Rationale: Antibiotic Course Length For Upper Utis
- The committee agreed that the shortest course that is likely to be effective should be prescribed to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance and minimise the risk of adverse effects.
- Based on evidence, the committee agreed that a short course of antibiotics was generally as effective as a long course of antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis, but the definition of short and long course differed depending on the clinical trial definition and the antibiotic used.
- In line with the NICE recommendations on antimicrobial stewardship and Public Health England’s Start smart â then focus, the committee agreed that the use of intravenous antibiotics should be reviewed by 48 hours and switched to oral treatment where possible.
Non-pregnant women and men with acute pyelonephritis
- Based on evidence, experience and resistance data, the committee agreed that, for oral treatment, a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin was sufficient to treat acute pyelonephritis in non-pregnant women and men. However, because there was no evidence for 7-day courses of cefalexin or co-amoxiclax, a range of 7 to 10 days was recommended for these antibiotics. For trimethoprim, a 14-day course was recommended because there was no evidence for course lengths shorter than 14 days.
- For intravenous treatment, antibiotics should be reviewed by 48 hours and stepped down to oral antibiotics where possible, for a total of 7 days.
Pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis
Children and young people with acute pyelonephritis
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Symptoms Of Bladder Prolapse
The symptoms of bladder prolapse depend on the severity of the prolapse, your level of physical activity and the presence of any other type of prolapse.They include:
- urinary stress incontinence leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, laughing, running or walking, or urge incontinence, which is urgently needing to go and leaking on the way
- needing to empty your bladder more frequently
- inability to completely empty your bladder when going to the toilet
- recurrent urinary tract infections
- protrusion of the vaginal wall out through the vaginal entrance
- needing to go back to the toilet immediately after finishing passing urine.
Urinary Tract Infections And Dementia
Urinary tract infections are a type of infection common among older people. If a person with a memory impairment or dementia has a UTI, this can cause sudden and severe confusion known as delirium.
Urinary tract infections and dementia
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How Serious Are The Infections In Children
Urinary infections in children usually go away quickly if they get medical care right away. But if your child keeps getting infections, your doctor may suggest tests to rule out more serious problems.
Urinary infections can lead to a serious infection throughout the body called . Problems from a urinary infection are more likely to happen in babies born too soon, in newborns, and in infants who have something blocking the flow of urine.
Causes Of Cystitis And Urinary Tract Infections
Causes of cystitis
Cystitis can affect anyone, but women are at a much higher risk. The most common cause of cystitis is a bacterial infection, but it can also occur if the bladder gets damaged or irritated in another way.
Other causes of cystitis include:
- Friction from sexual intercourse
- Irritation from chemicals found in perfumed soap or bubble bath
- Damage from a catheter or bladder surgery
- Medical treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy medications
Some people may be at increased risk of cystitis, including people who have diabetes, people nearing menopause, and people with a history of difficulty emptying their bladders.
Causes of urinary tract infections
Anyone can get a urinary tract infection, although women and girls are at a higher risk than men and boys. This is because the urethra is shorter and closer to the anus.
Other causes include:
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Who Is At Risk Of Experiencing A Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary tract infections affect people of all races and ages, but certain factors may increase your risk, including:
- Being a woman
- Having a new sexual partner
- Using diaphragms or spermicidal creams
- Being menopausal
- Having urinary tract abnormalities
Youre also more likely to experience a urinary tract infection if you have a suppressed immune system, or youve recently undergone a urinary surgery.
Current Management Of Utis
Initial diagnosis of acute uncomplicated cystitis is typically based on patient medical history, taking into account past individual and family health issues, sexual activity, and current symptoms. Common indicators of acute cystitis include urinary urgency and frequency, pain when voiding , lower abdominal discomfort, and cloudy or dark urine. The diagnosis of patients presenting with these classic symptoms may be confirmed by urinalysis showing the presence of red blood cells, high nitrite levels, and leukocyte esterase in the urine.
Although medical history and urinalysis are sufficient for the diagnosis of most uncomplicated UTIs, the gold standard for diagnosis of acute cystitis includes a bacteriological urine culture with identification of the causative agent and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Using fresh, midstream urine, clinical confirmation of an uncomplicated UTI is classically defined as 105 colony-forming units /mL of urine. However, this definition has recently been modified based on observations that many uropathogens are capable of eliciting clinical pathology in the urinary tract even with low levels of bacteriuria . Consequently, as little as 103 CFU/mL urine, in the presence of overt UTI symptoms, is now considered sufficient for diagnosis of acute cystitis . Current recommended treatments for acute uncomplicated cystitis are described in Table .
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What Causes Cramps After Sex
In most cases, you do not need to worry about having a cramping sensation after sex, but there are situations when you should see your doctor. Here are some common causes of feeling some discomfort after sex.
1. You Are Not Sexually Aroused
You are likely to feel pain or cramps during and even after a sexual intercourse when you proceed with vaginal penetration even when you are not fully aroused. When you are not sexually aroused, your vagina is likely to be dry. In the absence of enough lubrication, you are going to feel irritated due to penetration. It can cause pain during and after sex. If that is the cause of your pain, you may communicate better with your partner and consider using some lubrication or spend more time in foreplay to have enough lubrication for easy penetration.
2. You Have an Orgasm
Sometimes, you enjoy your sex session so much that you end with a strong orgasm. It is possible to feel bad cramps in your lower abdomen when you climax, and this orgasmic pain may continue even after you are done with the act.
3. You Have Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
You may experience cramps after sex when you are suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease . Usually caused by a sexually transmitted disease called Chlamydia, PID leads to the inflammation of the fallopian tubes and uterus. This can cause pain during and sometimes after sex.
4. You Have Endometriosis
7. You Have Vaginismus
8. You Have Cysts or Fibroids
9. You Are Pregnant
10. You Have Bladder Infection
Rationale: Antibiotic Course Length For Lower Utis
- The committee agreed that the shortest course that is likely to be effective should be prescribed to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance and minimise the risk of adverse effects.
Non-pregnant women with lower UTI
- Based on evidence, the committee agreed that a 3-day course of antibiotics was as effective as a 5- to 10-day course of antibiotics in non-pregnant women with lower UTI, and resulted in significantly fewer adverse events. The committee agreed that a longer course may increase the likelihood of complete bacteriological eradication, which may be important for some women . However, it was not possible to analyse data separately for people with repeated lower UTIs.
- Based on evidence, the committee agreed that a 7- to 10-day course of antibiotics did not offer any clinical advantage over a 3- to 6-day course in older women with lower UTI.
- Based on evidence, experience and resistance data, the committee agreed that a 3-day course of all the recommended antibiotics was sufficient to treat lower UTI in non-pregnant women of any age, with no longer duration of treatment required for older women. If women have a complicated UTI , antibiotics recommended in the NICE guideline on pyelonephritis : antimicrobial prescribing should be prescribed.
Pregnant women with lower UTI
Men with lower UTI
Children and young people with UTI
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Rationale: Antibiotic Prophylaxis For Preventing Catheter
Information About Recognising Re
Quality statement
Rationale
Quality measure
Structure
Data source:
Process
Data source:
Outcome
Data source:
What the quality statement means for different audiences
Service providersHealthcare practitionersCommissionersChildren and young people under 16
Definitions of terms used in this quality statement
Equality and diversity considerations
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Rationale: Choice Of Antibiotic For Lower Utis
- Based on evidence of no major differences in clinical effectiveness between classes of antibiotics, the committee agreed that the choice of antibiotic should largely be driven by minimising the risk of resistance. Resistant bacteria are a particular concern in UTIs and, where possible, any previous urine culture and susceptibility results, and antibiotic prescribing, should be checked and antibiotics chosen accordingly.
- The committee discussed that, if an antibiotic is needed to treat an infection that is not life threatening, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic should generally be first-choice. Indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics creates a selective advantage for bacteria resistant even to these ‘last-line’ broad-spectrum agents, and also kills normal commensal flora leaving people susceptible to antibiotic-resistant harmful bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. For infections that are not life threatening, broad-spectrum antibiotics need to be reserved for second-choice treatment when narrow-spectrum antibiotics are ineffective.
- Nationally for England, resistance of E. coli in laboratory-processed urine specimens to the following antibiotics is:
- nitrofurantoin: 2.5%
- trimethoprim: 30.3%
- pivmecillinam: 7.5%
- cefalexin: 9.9%
- The committee also discussed that prescribers should be aware of their local antimicrobial prescribing data, because resistance rates do vary by area.
Non-pregnant women with a lower UTI
Pregnant women with a lower UTI
Men with a lower UTI
What Causes Cramp After Sex
Sex is important in a relationship, but you may try to avoid it if you feel pain during or after the act. A painful sexual intercourse would keep a woman from engaging in any type of vaginal sexual activity again, and this could affect a relationship in a negative way. So many things go into making sexual intercourse painful. The pain could be in the clitoris, vagina, or labia. It is natural to feel concerned when you have cramps after intercourse. Let’s find out more about the issue.
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Urinary Tract Infection In Children
, MD, Golisano Childrens Hospital
Urinary tract infection may involve the kidneys, bladder, or both. Sexually transmitted infections of the urethra , although involving the urinary tract, are not typically termed UTI.
Mechanisms that maintain the normal sterility of the urinary tract include urine acidity and free flow, a normal emptying mechanism, intact ureterovesical and urethral sphincters, and immunologic and mucosal barriers. Abnormality of any of these mechanisms predisposes to UTI.
Urinary tract infections can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys , and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder , urethra… read more .)
Other Symptoms Of Utis
If the person has a sudden and unexplained change in their behaviour, such as increased confusion, agitation, or withdrawal, this may be because of a UTI.
These pages explain what a UTI is, the different types of UTIs, their symptoms and treatments, and gives tips on how they may be prevented.
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End Stage Renal Disease And Urinary Tract Infection
End-stage renal disease, also called end-stage kidney disease, occurs when chronic kidney disease the gradual loss of kidney function reaches an advanced state. In end-stage renal disease, your kidneys are no longer able to work as they should to meet your body’s needs.Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. When your kidneys lose their filtering capabilities, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes can build up in yo.
ADPKD is the 4th most common cause of end-stage renal disease , occurring in 4%-10% of ESRD patients who initiate renal replacement.
We aimed to estimate the risk of future end-stage renal disease.
of the kidney and urinary tract, pyelonephritis, and glomerular disease .
Despite an increasing population of patients with chronic renal insufficiency, the literature on the management of urinary tract infections in these patients is sparse. Patients with underlying diabetes are a specific population at risk. Antimicrobial treatment of UTI requires adequate serum, renal, parenchymal, and urine concentrations of drugs with antibacterial activity versus the.
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OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infections in childhood are considered a risk for chronic kidney disease , but this association is poorly.