Urinary Incontinence In Adults
Although bladder control problems are more common in children, they can affect people of all ages. If people cant voluntarily hold urine back and it leaks out of their bladder, it is known as urinary incontinence. This happens if the sphincter muscle stops working properly and it can no longer keep urine in the bladder. The possible causes include very weak pelvic floor muscles or paralysis in the pelvic area.
Description Of The Urinary System
The urinary system works with the lungs, skin and intestines to maintain the balance of chemicals and water in the body. Adults eliminate about 27 to 68 fluid ounces per day based on typical daily fluid intake of 68 ounces , National Institutes of Health . Other factors in urinary system function include fluid lost through perspiring and breathing. In addition, certain types of medications, such as diuretics that are sometimes used to treat high blood pressure, can also affect the amount of urine a person produces and eliminates. Some beverages, such as coffee and alcohol, can also cause increased urination in some people.
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, which are bean-shaped organs that are located just below the rib cage in the middle of the back. The kidneys remove urea waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes, called ureters, to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long , according to the Cleveland Clinic.
How Is Chronic Kidney Disease Detected
Early detection and treatment of chronic kidney disease are the keys to keeping kidney disease from progressing to kidney failure. Some simple tests can be done to detect early kidney disease. They are:
It is especially important that people who have an increased risk for chronic kidney disease have these tests. You may have an increased risk for kidney disease if you:
- are older
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The Urinary Tract At A Glance
- The urinary tract is the organ system that filters circulating blood to keep a proper balance of water and electrolytes.
- Blood is filtered through the kidney, where the blood is processed. The waste byproduct is called urine, which moves from the kidney, through the ureters and ultimately is stored in the bladder until it is expelled through urination.
- Common conditions of the urinary tract include urinary tract infections ,kidney stones, interstitial cystitis , and prostatitis .
- Among cancers of the urinary tract, prostate cancer is the most common but also highly survivable.
The Urinary Bladder Is A Reservoir For Urine
Urine flows through the ureters into the urinary bladder. In women, the bladder is located in front of the vagina and below the uterus. In men, the bladder sits in front of the rectum and above the prostate gland. The wall of the bladder contains folds called rugae, and a layer of smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle. As urine fills the bladder, the rugae smooth out to accommodate the volume. The detrusor relaxes to hold the urine, then contracts for urination. An adult bladder is full at about half a liter, or about two cups.
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What Are The Parts Of The Urinary Tract
People usually have two kidneys, but can live a normal, healthy life with just one. The kidneys are under the ribcage in the back, one on each side. Each adult kidney is about the size of a fist.
Each kidney has an outer layer called the cortex, which contains filtering units. The center part of the kidney, the medulla , has fan-shaped structures called pyramids. These drain urine into cup-shaped tubes called calyxes .
From the calyxes, pee travels out of the kidneys through the ureters to be stored in the bladder . When a person urinates, the pee exits the bladder and goes out of the body through the urethra , another tube-like structure. The male urethra ends at the tip of the penis the female urethra ends just above the vaginal opening.
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The bladder expands when it fills up, like a balloon. Nerves in the bladder wall detect the expansion and send a signal to the brain, letting it know that the bladder is full.
Position of the kidneys and bladder
The urinary bladder can store up to 500 ml of urine in women and 700 ml in men. People already feel the need to urinate when their bladder has between 150 and 250 ml of urine in it. When you empty your bladder, the muscle in your bladder wall tightens to squeeze the urine out of your bladder, while at the same time the sphincter muscles at the base of your bladder relax, allowing the urine to flow out through your urethra.
In men, the urethra leads through the penis and is about 20 cm long. In women, it ends above the opening of the vagina. The urethra is shorter in women , so its easier for germs from the anus to enter their bladder. This is one of the reasons why urinary tract infections like cystitis are more common in women. In older men, a benign enlarged prostate might push against the bladder and urethra, making it difficult to urinate normally.
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What Forms The Urine
As a beginner, you should know what forms the urine. By doing so, it might be easy to learn how the urinary system works step by step. According to the professionals, the waste substances, water and urea together build the urine. It would be said that urea, water and waste substances form the urine in a human. Check more details about this case on http://gesund-lebenblog.de/prostatricum-erfahrungen-test-die-aktion-kaufen-sie-in-der-apotheke-oder-auf-der-website-des-herstellers/ right now.
How urinary system works step by step?
At the present moment, you have collected some basic details about the urinary system and the things that form the urine. Consequently, it becomes necessary to know how actually urinary system works. For the same purpose, you can pay attention to the following paragraphs right now that tell how urinary system works step by step:
Urinary bladder stores urine
First of all, it is important for you to keep in mind that the urinary bladder is the part which stores the urine of humans. Has mentioned how urine forms but it will be stored into the urinary bladder. The bladders are situated in the pelvis in humans.
Kidneys form urine
Kidney empties urine into the bladder
Furthermore, you need to know that kidney is the most important part of your body that empty is urine into the bladder. As we mentioned that urine is storage into the bladder but kidney is the part that forwards urine into the bladder.
Bladders empty urine
Anatomy Of The Urinary Tract
In order for your urinary tract to function properly, all of the organs in the system must be working together correctly. Each organ has a specific function to carry out and if one part of the system is not working right, the rest are unable to do their jobs. There are four parts of the urinary tract: the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra.
Kidneys
The kidneys are a crucial part of the urinary system and play a big role in keeping your body working correctly. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are located just below the rib cage, with one on either side of the spine. The kidneys are about the size of a fist. These organs are working at all times to filter your blood. They remove excess water and waste from the blood. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood each day to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine.
Ureters
The ureters are two thin tubes of muscle that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. There is one tube extending from each kidney.
Bladder
The bladder is a hollow balloon-shaped organ located in between the pelvic bones in the pelvis. The bladders walls are made of muscle tissue. Urine travels from the kidneys and through the ureters and is collected in the bladder. The bladders muscular walls are relaxed when it is empty and expand as it fills with urine. The bladder can hold about 1.5 to 2 cups of urine.
Urethra
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What Are Some Disorders Of The Urinary System
Disorders of the urinary system range in severity from easy to treat to life threatening.Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a condition in men that affects the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate is located at the bottom of the bladder and surrounds the urethra. BPH is an enlargement of the prostate gland that can interfere with urinary function in older men. It causes blockage by squeezing the urethra, which can make it difficult to urinate. Men with BPH frequently have other bladder symptoms including an increase in frequency of bladder emptying both during the day and at night. Most men over age 60 have some BPH, but not all have problems with blockage. There are many different treatment options for BPH.
Painful bladder syndrome/Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder disorder also known as frequency-urgency-dysuria syndrome. In this disorder, the bladder wall can become inflamed and irritated. The inflammation can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, decreased bladder capacity, pinpoint bleeding, and, in rare cases, ulcers in the bladder lining. The cause of IC is unknown at this time.
Proteinuria is the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine. Healthy kidneys take wastes out of the blood but leave in protein. Protein in the urine does not cause a problem by itself. But it may be a sign that your kidneys are not working properly.
What Kinds Of Doctors Treat Urological Problems
Generally, urologists are the specialists who treat problems in the kidneys, bladder, ureter and urethra in men, women and children. Urologists also handle problems with mens reproductive health, while gynecologists specialize in the female reproductive tract.
Nephrologists are specialists who focus on more complex kidney diseases. Sometimes oncologists and endocrinologists also work with urologists and nephrologists.
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What Is The Urinary System
The urinary system contains the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. These organs work together primarily to create, store and eliminate waste, namely urine.
In order to function properly, the human body extracts nutrients from food and uses them to produce energy and repair damages. Once food has been broken down and the body has retrieved what it needs, waste products stay behind in the bowel and the blood until they are removed via the urinary system. Successfully ridding the body of waste is essential to maintaining optimal health. That’s the job of the urinary system: Its construction is relatively simple, but the processes that occur within it are complex and vital to health and well-being.
How Does The Urinary Tract Work
The job of the urinary tract also known as the urological system or renal system is to produce and drain urine. Urine is made up of waste and unneeded fluids that have been filtered from the blood. The overarching goal of the urinary tract is to work in concert with the skin, intestines and lungs to keep a balance of water and chemicals in the body.
Most people produce about one quart to multiple quarts of urine each day. The amount varies depending on each persons general health, weight and level of activity, as well as surrounding temperature and humidity. With higher humidity and temperature, the body expels less of its fluids through urination and more through perspiration.
The urination process begins with the kidneys, which filter from 120 to 150 quarts of blood daily. Each kidney is about the size of a fist and shaped like a large bean. The kidneys lie just below the rib cage and on both sides of the spine.
The kidneys pass urine to the bladder through a thin, muscular tube called the ureter. The bladder, located between the pelvic bones a little below the level of the belly button, is shaped like a balloon and expands and contracts as needed. In a normal person it holds about one-and-a-half to two cups of urine.
Whereas the kidneys work around the clock, we do have control over the bladder. This is because as the bladder fills, it sends messages to the brain, alerting us of a need to urinate.
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How Does The Endocrine System Work With The Urinary System
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Although the urinary system has a major role in excretion, other organs contribute to the excretory function. The lungs in the respiratory system excrete some waste products, such as carbon dioxide and water. The urinary system also plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin.
Also Know, how does the endocrine system work with the skeletal system? Answer and Explanation: The skeletal system interacts with the endocrine system because the endocrine system produces hormones that control the skeletal system. Hormones travel through the blood and bind to receptors on the surface of cells to enact changes in the target tissue.
Similarly, you may ask, how does the endocrine system work together?
Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction. The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released.
How do the urinary system and respiratory system work together?
Although the urinary system has a major role in excretion, other organs contribute to the excretory function. The lungs in the respiratory system excrete some waste products, such as carbon dioxide and water. The urinary system also plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin.
Common Urinary Tract Conditions
Urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria affecting the ureter, bladder, urethra and sometimes the kidneys. These infections are most common in women, although they do affect men as well.
Kidney stones occur when chemicals normally found in the urine form crystals that then build to solid structures. Kidney stones generally form in the kidney. When they pass into the ureter they can cause severe pain or blood in the urine. When significant blockage occurs, infection or kidney failure can result.
There are multiple potential causes of kidney stones including dehydration, dietary influences and abnormal kidney excretion of certain chemicals. When kidney stones cause pain or obstruction, there are surgical procedures that can be used to break or remove the stone.
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition primarily in women. Also known as painful bladder syndrome, it can cause bladder pressure and pain that sometimes extends throughout the pelvis.
Prostatitis is swelling of the prostate gland in men. The swelling can be due to infection or non-infectious causes. Symptoms include pain during urination, the need to urinate frequently, pain in the scrotum or anal area, and fever.
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Urinary Bladder And Urethra
The bladder expands when it fills up, like a balloon. Nerves in the bladder wall detect the expansion and send a signal to the brain, letting it know that the bladder is full.
Position of the kidneys and bladder
The urinary bladder can store up to 500 ml of urine in women and 700 ml in men. People already feel the need to urinate when their bladder has between 200 and 350 ml of urine in it. When you empty your bladder, the muscle in your bladder wall tightens to squeeze the urine out of your bladder, while at the same time the sphincter muscles at the base of your bladder relax, allowing the urine to flow out through your urethra.
In men, the urethra leads through the penis and is about 20 cm long. In women, it ends above the opening of the vagina. The urethra is shorter in women , so its easier for germs from the anus to enter their bladder. This is one of the reasons why urinary tract infections like cystitis are more common in women. In older men, a benign enlarged prostate might push against the bladder and urethra, making it difficult to urinate normally.
Common Urinary System Conditions
Various health problems can arise in the urinary system. The most common conditions include:
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia or enlarged prostate: This occurs only in men and is a result of aging. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that is located by the neck of the bladder, surrounding the urethra. As the prostate enlarges, it places pressure on the urethra. Such compression can cause the urethra to narrow and, in some cases, close completely. If this takes place, a patient may find it very difficult to urinate.
- Kidney stones: Kidney stones are a common urological condition in both men and women. Kidney stones form when minerals and other solid substances accumulate in the kidneys or along any part of the urinary tract. When they’re too large, these stones can block the flow of urine from the body.
- Urinary tract infections :Urinary tract infections also occur in both men and women. UTIs can be present in any part of the urinary system, from the kidney to the bladder to the urethra .
References
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